Basic life support
consists of the following sequence of actions:
1.
Make sure the victim, any bystanders, and you are safe.
2.
Check the victim for a response.
Gently
shake his shoulders and ask loudly, ‘Are you all right?’
3A.
If he responds:
Leave
him in the position in which you find him provided there is no further
danger.
Try
to find out what is wrong with him and get help if needed.
Reassess
him regularly.
3B.
If he does not respond:
Shout
for help.
Turn
the victim onto his back and then open the airway using head tilt and
chin lift:
o Place your hand on
his forehead and gently tilt his head back.
o With your
fingertips under the point of the victim's chin, lift the chin
to open the airway.
4.
Keeping the airway open, look, listen, and feel for normal breathing.
Look
for chest movement.
Listen
at the victim's mouth for breath sounds.
Feel
for air on your cheek.
In the first few
minutes after cardiac arrest, a victim may be barely breathing, or taking
infrequent, noisy, gasps.
This is often termed agonal breathing and must not be
confused with normal
breathing.
Look, listen, and
feel for no more than 10 s to determine if the victim is
breathing
normally. If you have
any doubt whether breathing is normal, act as if it is not normal.
5A.
If he is breathing normally:
Turn
him into the recovery position (see below).
Summon
help from the ambulance service by mobile phone. If this is not
possible, send a
bystander. Leave the victim only if no other way of obtaining
help is possible.
Continue
to assess that breathing remains normal. If there is any doubt
about the presence of
normal breathing, start CPR (5B).
Resuscitation Council
(UK)
5B.
If he is not breathing normally:
Ask
someone to call for an ambulance and bring an AED if available. If you
are on your own, use
your mobile phone to call for an ambulance. Leave the
victim only when no
other option exists for getting help.
Start
chest compression as follows:
o Kneel by the side
of the victim.
o Place the heel of
one hand in the centre of the victim’s chest
(which is the lower
half of the victim’s sternum (breastbone)).
o Place the heel of
your other hand on top of the first hand.
o Interlock the
fingers of your hands and ensure that pressure is not
applied over the
victim's ribs. Do not apply any pressure over the
upper abdomen or the
bottom end of the sternum.
o Position yourself
vertically above the victim's chest and, with your
arms straight, press
down on the sternum 5 - 6 cm.
o After each
compression, release all the pressure on the chest
without losing
contact between your hands and the sternum.
Repeat at a rate of
100 - 120 min-1.
o Compression and
release should take an equal amount of time.
6A.
Combine chest compression with rescue breaths:
After
30 compressions open the airway again using head tilt and chin lift.
Pinch
the soft part of the victim’s nose closed, using the index finger and
thumb of your hand on
his forehead.
Allow
his mouth to open, but maintain chin lift.
Take
a normal breath and place your lips around his mouth, making sure
that you have a good
seal.
Blow
steadily into his mouth whilst watching for his chest to rise; take about
one second to make
his chest rise as in normal breathing; this is an effective
rescue breath.
Maintaining
head tilt and chin lift, take your mouth away from the victim and
watch for his chest
to fall as air comes out.
Take
another normal breath and blow into the victim’s mouth once more to
give a total of two
effective rescue breaths. The two breaths should not take
more than 5 s. Then
return your hands without delay to the correct position
on the sternum and
give a further 30 chest compressions.
Continue
with chest compressions and rescue breaths in a ratio of 30:2.
Stop
to recheck the victim only if he starts to show signs of regaining
consciousness, such
as coughing, opening his eyes, speaking, or moving
purposefully AND
starts to breathe normally; otherwise do not interrupt
resuscitation.
Resuscitation Council
(UK)
20 RESUSCITATION
GUIDELI NE S 2010
If the initial rescue
breath of each sequence does not make the chest rise as in normal
breathing, then,
before your next attempt:
Check
the victim's mouth and remove any visible obstruction.
Recheck
that there is adequate head tilt and chin lift.
Do
not attempt more than two breaths each time before returning to chest
compressions.
If there is more than
one rescuer present, another should take over CPR about every
1-2 min to prevent
fatigue. Ensure the minimum of delay during the changeover of
rescuers, and do not
interrupt chest compressions.
6B.
Compression-only CPR
If
you are not trained to, or are unwilling to give rescue breaths, give chest
compressions only.
If
chest compressions only are given, these should be continuous at a rate of
100 - 120 min-1.
Stop
to recheck the victim only if he starts to show signs of regaining
consciousness, such
as coughing, opening his eyes, speaking, or moving
purposefully AND
starts to breathe normally; otherwise do not interrupt
resuscitation.
7.
Continue resuscitation until:
qualified
help arrives and takes over,
the
victim starts to show signs of regaining consciousness, such as
coughing, opening his
eyes, speaking, or moving purposefully AND starts to
breathe normally, OR
you become
exhausted.
No comments:
Post a Comment